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Esophageal Reflux Hypersensitivity: A Comprehensive Review
Akinari Sawada1
, Daniel Sifrim2
, Yasuhiro Fujiwara1
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):831-842https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220373Abstract : Reflux hypersensitivity (RH) is one of the phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The latest Rome IV defines RH as a condition with typical reflux symptoms and positive reflux-symptom association despite normal acid exposure. Subsequently, the Lyon consensus proposed detailed cutoff values for the criteria on the basis of experts’ consensus. Rome IV brought a clear-cut perspective into the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease and the importance of esophageal hypersensitivity. This perspective can be supported by the fact that other functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia often overlap with RH. Although several possible pathophysiological mechanisms of esophageal hypersensitivity have been identified, there is still unmet medical needs in terms of treatment for this condition. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding RH.
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Systemic Disease and the Need for Multidisciplinary Care
Masato Yoneda
, Takashi Kobayashi
, Michihiro Iwaki
, Asako Nogami
, Satoru Saito
, Atsushi Nakajima
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):843-852https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220545Abstract : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease, and there has been a rapid increase in cases worldwide. NAFLD is rapidly becoming the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or exacerbation of other organ diseases, thus posing a significant health problem from both a medical and a socioeconomic perspective. NAFLD is a systemic disease and requires the involvement of numerous medical professionals. Multidisciplinary collaboration, in which different professionals within different specialties come together and work together toward a common goal, supports better patient care by integrating perspectives of multiple experts and facilitating the exchange of opinions. Due to the large number of potential patients, gastroenterologists and hepatologists cannot manage the patients alone, and collaboration between specialists in various fields, including family doctors, dentists, nutritionists, and pharmacists is required for treatment of NAFLD. This review will discuss NAFLD from the perspective of various specialties and introduce multidisciplinary collaboration.
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Rehabilitation Program for Improved Musculoskeletal Pain in Gastrointestinal Endoscopists: Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Su Youn Nam1
, Kwangwoo Nam2
, Ki-Nam Shim3
, Seoyon Yang4
, Chung Hyun Tae3
, Junwoo Jo5
, Nayoung Kim6,7
, Seon Mi Park8
, Young Sook Park9
, Seun Ja Park10
, Sung-Ae Jung3
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):853-862https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220103Abstract : Background/Aims: This study aimed to develop a rehabilitation program for musculoskeletal pain experienced by gastrointestinal endoscopists and to investigate its usefulness.Methods: This was a multicenter cohort study. During the first 2 weeks, a questionnaire regarding daily workload and musculoskeletal symptoms was administered. Then, a rehabilitation program including equipment/posture correction and stretching was conducted during the remaining 6 weeks. Follow-up daily workload and musculoskeletal symptom surveys were distributed during the last 2 weeks. The program satisfaction survey was performed at the 6th and 8th weeks.Results: Among 118 participants (69 men), 94% (n=111) complained of musculoskeletal pain at baseline. Various hospital activities at baseline were associated with multisite musculoskeletal pain, whereas only a few workloads were correlated with musculoskeletal pain after the rehabilitation program. Follow-up musculoskeletal pain was negatively correlated with equipment/posture program performance; arm/elbow pain was negatively correlated with elbow (R=–0.307) and wrist (R=–0.205) posture; leg/foot pain was negatively correlated with monitor position, shoulder, elbow, wrist, leg, and foot posture. Higher performance in the scope position (86.8% in the improvement vs 71.3% in the aggravation group, p=0.054) and table height (94.1% vs 79.1%, p=0.054) were associated with pain improvement. An increased number of colonoscopy procedures (6.27 in the aggravation vs 0.02 in the improvement group, p=0.017) was associated with pain aggravation. Most participants reported being average (32%) or satisfied (67%) with the program at the end of the study.Conclusions: Our rehabilitation program is easily applicable, satisfactory, and helpful for improving the musculoskeletal pain experienced by gastrointestinal endoscopists.
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Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors According to the 2019 World Health Organization Grading System: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study
Yuri Kim1
, Bokyung Ahn2
, Kee Don Choi1
, Beom-Su Kim3
, Jeong-Hwan Yook3
, Gin Hyug Lee1
, Seung-Mo Hong2
, Jeong Hoon Lee1
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):863-873https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220175Abstract : Background/Aims: Although gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon neoplasms, their prevalence is increasing. The clinical importance of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of gastric NETs, compared with NETs in other organs, has been underestimated. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of gastric NETs based on the 2019 WHO classification and to assess the survival outcomes of patients from a single-center with a long-term follow-up.Methods: The medical records of 427 patients with gastric NETs who underwent endoscopic or surgical resection between January 2000 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All specimens were reclassified according to the 2019 WHO classification. The clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and oncologic outcomes of 139 gastric NETs were analyzed.Results: The patients’ median age was 53.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46.0 to 63.0 years). The median follow-up period was 36.0 months (IQR, 15.0 to 63.0 months). Of the patients, 92, 44, and 3 had grades 1, 2, and 3 NETs, respectively. The mean tumor size significantly increased as the tumor grade increased (p=0.025). Patients with grades 2 and 3 gastric NETs more frequently had lymphovascular invasion (29.8% vs 10.9%, p=0.005) and deeper tissue invasion (8.5% vs 0%, p=0.012) than those with grade 1 tumors. The overall disease-specific survival rate was 100%. Two patients with grades 2-3 gastric NETs experienced extragastric recurrence.Conclusions: Although gastric NETs have an excellent prognosis, grade 2 or grade 3 gastric NETs are associated with a larger size, deeper invasion, and extragastric recurrence, which require active treatment.
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Artificial Intelligence in the Prediction of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Images: Development, Validation and Comparison with Endosonographers
Yi Lu1,2
, Jiachuan Wu3
, Minhui Hu1,2
, Qinghua Zhong4
, Limian Er5
, Huihui Shi5
, Weihui Cheng6
, Ke Chen7
, Yuan Liu7
, Bingfeng Qiu8
, Qiancheng Xu8
, Guangshun Lai9
, Yufeng Wang10
, Yuxuan Luo10
, Jinbao Mu10
, Wenjie Zhang11
, Min Zhi2,12
, Jiachen Sun1,2
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):874-883https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220347Abstract : Background/Aims: The accuracy of endosonographers in diagnosing gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs) using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is influenced by experience and subjectivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved remarkable development in this field. This study aimed to develop an AI-based EUS diagnostic model for the diagnosis of SELs, and evaluated its efficacy with external validation.Methods: We developed the EUS-AI model with ResNeSt50 using EUS images from two hospitals to predict the histopathology of the gastric SELs originating from muscularis propria. The diagnostic performance of the model was also validated using EUS images obtained from four other hospitals.Results: A total of 2,057 images from 367 patients (375 SELs) were chosen to build the models, and 914 images from 106 patients (108 SELs) were chosen for external validation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the model for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and non-GISTs in the external validation sets by images were 82.01%, 68.22%, 86.77%, 59.86%, and 78.12%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in the external validation set by tumors were 83.75%, 71.43%, 89.33%, 60.61%, and 80.56%, respectively. The EUS-AI model showed better performance (especially specificity) than some endosonographers. The model helped improve the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of certain endosonographers.Conclusions: We developed an EUS-AI model to classify gastric SELs originating from muscularis propria into GISTs and non-GISTs with good accuracy. The model may help improve the diagnostic performance of endosonographers. Further work is required to develop a multi-modal EUS-AI system.
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Efficacy and Safety of Fexuprazan in Patients with Acute or Chronic Gastritis
Gwang Ha Kim1
, Myung-Gyu Choi2
, Jin Il Kim3
, Soo Teik Lee4
, Hoon Jai Chun5
, Kook Lae Lee6
, Suk Chei Choi7
, Jae-Young Jang8
, Yong Chan Lee9
, Jae Gyu Kim10
, Ki Bae Kim11
, Ki-Nam Shim12
, Chong Il Sohn13
, Sung Kook Kim14
, Sang Gyun Kim15
, Jin Seok Jang16
, Nayoung Kim17
, Hwoon-Yong Jung18
, Hyojin Park19
, Kyu Chan Huh20
, Kwang Jae Lee21
, Su Jin Hong22
, Song Baek23
, Jin Joo Han23
, Oh Young Lee24
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):884-893https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220457Abstract : Background/Aims: Fexuprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker that could be of benefit to patients with gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was to assess the 2-week efficacy and safety of fexuprazan in patients with acute or chronic gastritis.Methods: In this study, 327 patients with acute or chronic gastritis who had one or more gastric erosions on endoscopy and subjective symptoms were randomized into three groups receiving fexuprazan 20 mg once a day (q.d.), fexuprazan 10 mg twice a day (b.i.d.), or placebo for 2 weeks. The posttreatment assessments were the primary endpoint (erosion improvement rate), secondary endpoints (cure rates of erosion and edema and improvement rates of redness, hemorrhage, and subjective symptoms), and drug-related adverse events.Results: Among the patients, 57.8% (59/102), 65.7% (67/102), and 40.6% (39/96) showed erosion improvement 2 weeks after receiving fexuprazan 20 mg q.d., fexuprazan 10 mg b.i.d., and placebo, respectively. Both fexuprazan 20 mg q.d. and 10 mg b.i.d. showed superior efficacy to the placebo (p=0.017 and p<0.001, respectively). Likewise, both fexuprazan 20 mg q.d. and 10 mg b.i.d. also showed higher erosion healing rates than the placebo (p=0.033 and p=0.010, respectively). No difference was noted in the edema healing rate and the improvement rates for redness, hemorrhage, and subjective symptoms between the fexuprazan and placebo groups. No significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse drug reactions.Conclusions: Fexuprazan 20 mg q.d. and 10 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks showed therapeutic efficacy superior to that of placebo in patients with acute or chronic gastritis (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04341454).
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Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality of Achalasia: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea
Ga Hee Kim1
, Hyungchul Park2,3
, Kee Wook Jung2
, Min-Ju Kim4
, Ye-Jee Kim4
, Ji Min Lee5
, Bong Eun Lee6
, Yang Won Min7
, Jeong Hwan Kim8
, Hee Kyong Na2
, Ji Yong Ahn2
, Jeong Hoon Lee2
, Do Hoon Kim2
, Kee Don Choi2
, Ho June Song2
, Gin Hyug Lee2
, Hwoon-Yong Jung2
, Hyun Jin Kim9
, Big Data Study Group Under the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):894-904https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220334Abstract : Background/Aims: Although an association between achalasia and esophageal cancer has been reported, whether achalasia confers a substantial increase in mortality is unknown. Moreover, the causes of death related to achalasia have not been investigated. We performed this nationwide, population-based cohort study on achalasia because no such study has been performed since the introduction of high-resolution manometry in 2008.Methods: This study was performed using data extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, covering a 9-year period from 2009 to 2017. Control participants without a diagnostic code for achalasia were randomly selected and matched by sex and birth year at a case-to-control ratio of 1:4. Data on the cause of death from Statistics Korea were also analyzed.Results: The overall incidence of achalasia was 0.68 per 100,000 person-years, and the prevalence was 6.46 per 100,000 population. Patients with achalasia (n=3,063) had significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for esophageal cancer (aHR, 3.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 9.22; p=0.017), pneumonia (aHR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.89 to 2.81; p
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Downregulation of Heat Shock Protein 72 Contributes to Fibrostenosis in Crohn’s Disease
Seung Won Kim1,2
, Jae-Young Lee3
, Han Cheol Lee3
, Jae Bum Ahn3
, Ji Hyung Kim1
, I Seul Park1
, Jae Hee Cheon1,2
, Duk Hwan Kim4
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):905-915https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220308Abstract : Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) with recurrent inflammation can cause intestinal fibrostenosis due to dysregulated deposition of extracellular matrix. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of fibrostenosis. Here, we performed a differential proteomic analysis between normal, inflamed, and fibrostenotic specimens of patients with CD and investigated the roles of the candidate proteins in myofibroblast activation and fibrosis.Methods: We performed two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and identified candidate proteins using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orbitrap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We also verified the levels of candidate proteins in clinical specimens and examined their effects on 18Co myofibroblasts and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.Results: We identified five of 30 proteins (HSP72, HSPA5, KRT8, PEPCK-M, and FABP6) differentially expressed in fibrostenotic CD. Among these proteins, the knockdown of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) promoted the activation and wound healing of myofibroblasts. Moreover, knockdown of HSP72 induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of intestinal epithelial cells by reducing E-cadherin and inducing fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin, which contribute to fibrosis.Conclusions: HSP72 is an important mediator that regulates myofibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrosis of CD, suggesting that HSP72 can serve as a target for antifibrotic therapy.
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Long Noncoding RNA Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA Suppresses Apoptosis in Hepatoma Cells by Modulating the miR-125a-5p/HS1-Associated Protein X-1 Axis to Induce Caspase-9 Inactivation
Zhen-Yu Wu1
, Yumin Wang2
, Hao Hu1
, Xiang-Nan Ai1
, Qiang Zhang1
, Yu-Gang Qin1
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):916-925https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl210572Abstract : Background/Aims: The involvement of long noncoding RNAs in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been well documented by substantial evidence. However, whether cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) could affect the progression of HCC remains unclear.Methods: The relative expression of CYTOR, miR-125a-5p and HS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) mRNA in HCC cells were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The viability of treated HCC cells was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was estimated by flow cytometry analysis, assessment of caspase-9 activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining, and Western blot of apoptosis-related proteins. The interplay between CYTOR or HAX-1 and miR-125a-5p was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay.Results: CYTOR was upregulated and miR-125a-5p was downregulated in HCC cells. CYTOR silencing inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. miR-125a-5p was sponged and negatively regulated by CYTOR, and HAX-1 was directly targeted and negatively modulated by miR-125a-5p. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p enhanced the repressive effects of CYTOR knockdown on HCC cells, and knockdown of HAX-1 enhanced the inhibitory effects of miR-125a-5p mimics on HCC cells.Conclusions: CYTOR silencing facilitates HCC cell apoptosis in vitro via the miR-125a-5p/HAX-1 axis.
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The Incidence and Care Cascade of the Hepatitis C Virus in Korea
Young Eun Chon1
, Aejeong Jo2
, Eileen L. Yoon3
, Jonghyun Lee4
, Ho Gyun Shin2
, Min Jung Ko2
, Dae Won Jun3
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):926-932https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220322Abstract : Background/Aims: The 2030 hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination targets of the World Health Organization are an 80% reduction in incidence and 65% reduction in mortality compared to the 2015 rates. However, information on the nationwide incidence and treatment rates of HCV infection are limited. We aimed to investigate the nationwide incidence and status of the care cascade for HCV infection in Korea.Methods: This study used data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency linked with the data of the Korea National Health Insurance Service. Linkage to care was defined as visiting hospitals twice or more due to HCV infection within 1.5 years of the index date. The treatment rate was the number who had been prescribed antiviral medication within 1.5 years from the index date out of patients newly diagnosed with HCV.Results: The new HCV infection rate was 17.2 per 100,000 person-years (n=8,810) in 2019. The number of new HCV infections was the highest in patients aged 50 to 59 years (n=2,480), and the new HCV infection rate significantly increased with age (p
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The Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 on Immune Cells Is Related to a Better Prognosis in Biliary Tract Cancer
Sung Chan Kwon1
, Seungmin Bang1
, Young Nyun Park2
, Ji Hoon Park1
, So Jeong Kim1
, Jung Hyun Jo1
, Moon Jae Chung1
, Jeong Youp Park1
, Seung Woo Park1
, Si Young Song1
, Eunhyang Park2
, Hee Seung Lee1
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):933-941https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220206Abstract : Background/Aims: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells is associated with a poor biliary tract cancer (BTC) prognosis; tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are associated with a better prognosis. The effect of PD-L1 expression on immune cells on survival is unclear. We investigated the relationship between PD-L1 expression in immune cells and BTC prognosis.Methods: PD-L1 expression was evaluated using an anti-PD-L1 22C3 mouse monoclonal primary antibody, and its relationships with clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the prognostic performance of PD-L1 in BTC.Results: Among 144 analyzed cases, patients with positive PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and negative PD-L1 expression in immune cells showed poorer overall survival rates than those exhibiting other expressions (tumor cells: hazard ratio [HR]=1.023, p
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Enhancing Mural Nodules in the Main Pancreatic Duct of Main and Mixed Types of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: Does Size Matter in Malignancy Risk?
Hyung Ku Chon1,2
, Tae Jun Song3
, Kyoung-Hoon Yoo1
, Jun Seong Hwang4
, Myung-Hwan Kim4
, Eun Kwang Choi5
, Tae Hyeon Kim1,2
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):942-948https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220378Abstract : Background/Aims: Most guidelines recommend surgical resection of all main duct (MD) and mixed-type (MT) intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) in suitable patients. However, there is little evidence regarding the malignancy risk of enhancing mural nodules (EMNs) that are present only in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) in patients with MD- and MT-IPMNs. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the clinical and morphological features associated with malignancy in MD- and MT-IPMNs with EMNs only in the MPD.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 50 patients with MD- and MT-IPMNs with EMNs only in the MPD on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and preoperative radiologic imaging results of MPD morphology and EMN size and analyzed the risk factors associated with malignancy.Results: Histological findings of EMNs were low-grade dysplasia (38%), malignant lesions (62%), high-grade dysplasia (34%), and invasive carcinoma (28%). On the receiver operating characteristic curve, the cutoff value of EMN size on magnetic resonance imaging for best predicting malignancy was 5 mm (sensitivity, 93.5%; specificity, 52.6%; area under the curve, 0.753). Multivariate analysis showed that only EMN >5 mm (odds ratio, 27.69; confidence interval, 2.75 to 278.73; p=0.050) was an independent risk factor for malignancy.Conclusions: EMNs of >5 mm are associated with malignancy in patients with MD- and MT-IPMNs with EMNs that are present only in the MPD, in accordance with the international consensus guidelines.
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A Case of Intramural Gastric Wall Abscess, a Rare Disease Successfully Treated with Endoscopic Incision and Drainage
Kyung Rok Kim
, Ki Nam Shim
, A Reum Choe
, Min Jong Lee
, Ye Hyun Park
, Eun Mi Song
, Chung Hyun Tae
, Sung Ae Jung
Gut Liver 2023;17(6):949-953https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220009Abstract : Gastric wall abscess is a rare condition characterized by a purulent inflammatory process resulting in the formation of a pocket of pus in the stomach. As the mucosa is usually intact, it requires various tools such as endoscopic ultrasonography or computed tomography for the differential diagnosis to rule out more common subepithelial tumors. Even after the diagnosis, the treatment for gastric wall abscess was previously restricted to surgical resection in combination with antibiotics. Currently, in order to avoid unnecessary surgery, the alternative method of initial treatment with an endoscopic approach is recommended. It also helps to choose appropriate antibiotics with confirmation of the pathogen by drainage. There are few reports that describe the detailed processing of the endoscopic drainage, and there is no consensus on the treatment. The pathogens that cause gastric wall abscess are usually Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Escherichia coli. There is only one case reported to be caused by Candida albicans. This is the first report of Elizabethkingia anopheles as the pathogen of the gastric wall abscess. Here, we report a case of gastric wall abscess in a 75-year-old man, safely treated by endoscopic drainage and antibiotics, confirmed by isolating the contents of the abscess.
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The Possible Preventative Role of Lactate- and Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Chin-Hee Song1
, Nayoung Kim1,2
, Ryoung Hee Nam1
, Soo In Choi1
, Jae Young Jang1
, Eun Hye Kim1
, Jina Choi1
, Yonghoon Choi1
, Hyuk Yoon1
, Sun Min Lee3
Published online November 30, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230385 -
Associations among the Duodenal Ecosystem, Gut Microbiota, and Nutrient Intake in Functional Dyspepsia
Sang Hoon Kim1
, Yura Choi2
, Jihong Oh2
, Eui Yeon Lim3
, Jung Eun Lee3,4
, Eun-Ji Song5
, Young-Do Nam5
, Hojun Kim2
Published online November 30, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230130 -
Comments on Oral Sulfate Solution Is as Effective as Polyethylene Glycol with Ascorbic Acid in a Split Method for Bowel Preparation in Patients with Inactive Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Multicenter, and Single-Blind Clinical Trial
Published online November 30, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230355 -
Helicobacter pylori Infection Status and Gastric Tumor Incidence According to the Year of Birth
Jong Hwa Na
, Sun-Young Lee
, Jeong Hwan Kim
, In-Kyung Sung
, Hyung Seok Park
Published online November 29, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230211 -
Fecal Calprotectin at Postinduction Is Capable of Predicting Persistent Remission and Endoscopic Healing after 1 Year of Treatment with Infliximab in Pediatric Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Yoo Min Lee1
, Eun Sil Kim2
, Sujin Choi3,4
, Hyo-Jeong Jang4,5
, Yu Bin Kim6
, So Yoon Choi7
, Byung-Ho Choe3,4
, Ben Kang3,4
Published online November 28, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230022 -
Reappraisal of Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis as a Prognostic Factor for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Young Chang1
, Su Jong Yu2
, Hyo-Cheol Kim3
, Yun Bin Lee2
, Eun Ju Cho2
, Jeong-Hoon Lee2
, Yoon Jun Kim2
, Jin Wook Chung3
, Jung-Hwan Yoon2
Published online November 28, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230057 -
A Multicenter Survey of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in 2019 at Korean Medical Institutions
Jun Woo Park1
, Tae Gyun Kim1
, Kwang Bum Cho2
, Jeong Seok Kim2
, Jin Woong Cho3
, Jung Won Jeon4
, Sun Gyo Lim5
, Chan Gyoo Kim6
, Hong Jun Park7
, Tae Jun Kim8
, Eun Sun Kim9
, Su Jin Jeong10
, Yong Hwan Kwon1,11
, The Research for Multidisciplinary Therapeutic Endoscopy group of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Published online November 28, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230174 -
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass to Visceral Fat Area Ratio Predicts Hepatic Morbidities
Eugene Han1
, Yong-ho Lee2,3
, Sang Hoon Ahn2,4
, Bong-Soo Cha2,3
, Seung Up Kim2,4
, Byung-Wan Lee2,3
Published online November 28, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230238 -
Differential Diagnosis of Thickened Gastric Wall between Hypertrophic Gastritis and Borrmann Type 4 Advanced Gastric Cancer
Jun-young Seo1,2
, Do Hoon Kim1
, Ji Yong Ahn1
, Kee Don Choi1
, Hwa Jung Kim3
, Hee Kyong Na1
, Jeong Hoon Lee1
, Kee Wook Jung1
, Ho June Song1
, Gin Hyug Lee1
, Hwoon-Yong Jung1
Published online November 28, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230307 -
Challenges in and Opportunities for Electronic Health Record-Based Data Analysis and Interpretation
Michelle Kang Kim1
, Carol Rouphael1
, John McMichael2
, Nicole Welch1,3
, Srinivasan Dasarathy1,3
Published online October 31, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230272 -
Risk Factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Jiyoung Yoon1
, Seung Wook Hong2
, Kyung-Do Han3
, Seung-Woo Lee4
, Cheol Min Shin5,6
, Young Soo Park5
, Nayoung Kim5,6
, Dong Ho Lee5,6
, Joo Sung Kim6
, Hyuk Yoon5,6
Published online October 23, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230152 -
Endoscopic Features of Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer in Patients with Helicobacter pylori-Uninfected or -Eradicated Stomachs: A Comprehensive Review
Yusuke Horiuchi
, Toshiaki Hirasawa
, Junko Fujisaki
Published online October 19, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220106 -
Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae1
, Ju Yup Lee2
, Moon Kyung Joo3
, Chan Hyuk Park4
, Eun Jeong Gong5
, Cheol Min Shin6
, Hyun Lim7
, Hyuk Soon Choi8
, Miyoung Choi9
, Sang Hoon Kim10,11
, Chul-Hyun Lim12,13
, Jeong-Sik Byeon14
, Ki-Nam Shim1
, Geun Am Song15
, Moon Sung Lee16
, Jong-Jae Park3
, Oh Young Lee17
, The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Published online October 18, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230146 -
Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Evaluation of Portal Hypertension in Chronic Liver Disease
Kohei Kotani
, Norifumi Kawada
Published online October 16, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230072 -
Progress and Clinical Applications of Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet in Crohn’s Disease
Duo Xu1
, Ziheng Peng1
, Yong Li1
, Qian Hou2
, Yu Peng1,3,4
, Xiaowei Liu1,4,5
Published online October 16, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230093 -
Challenges in Implementing Endoscopic Resection for T2 Colorectal Cancer
Katsuro Ichimasa1,2,3
, Shin-ei Kudo1
, Ker-Kan Tan3,4
, Jonathan Wei Jie Lee2,3
, Khay Guan Yeoh2,3
Published online October 16, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230125 -
Environmental and Microbial Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model Establishment: A Review Partly through Mendelian Randomization
Zesheng Lin1
, Wenjing Luo2
, Kaijun Zhang3
, Shixue Dai3,4
Published online October 10, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230179 -
Optimal Follow-up of Incidental Pancreatic Cystic Lesions without Worrisome Features: Clinical Outcome after Long-term Follow-up
Dong-Won Ahn1,2
, Sang Hyub Lee1,3
, Jin Ho Choi1,3
, In Rae Cho1,3
, Dong Kee Jang1,2
, Woo Hyun Paik1,3
, Ji Bong Jeong1,2
, Ji Kon Ryu1,3
, Yong-Tae Kim1,3
Published online October 10, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230017 -
The Diagnostic Performance of Linked Color Imaging Compared to White Light Imaging in Endoscopic Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jae Gon Lee1
, In Kyung Yoo2
, Abdullah Ozgur Yeniova3
, Sang Pyo Lee1
, The Research Group for Endoscopic Imaging of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Published online October 6, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230244 -
Efficacy and Safety of Argon Plasma Coagulation for the Ablation of Barrett’s Esophagus: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Marko Kozyk1
, Lohith Kumar2
, Kateryna Strubchevska1
, Manan Trivedi3
, Margaret Wasvary4
, Suprabhat Giri2
Published online October 6, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230094 -
A Silent Outbreak of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection or False-Positive Reaction of Anti-HEV IgM after COVID-19 Vaccination? Epidemiological Investigation of an Outbreak in a Korean Factory Complex in 2022
Jeonghyeon Oh1
, Gwang Hyeon Choi2
, Yeonhwa Chang1
, Jina Kim1
, Kunhee Park1
, Hansol Yeom3
, Soonryu Seo3
, Jin Gwack3
, Sook-Hyang Jeong2
Published online October 6, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230098 -
Mortality Risk Scoring System in Patients after Bleeding from Cancers in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Hyun Min Kim1
, Donghoon Kang1
, Jun Young Park1
, Yu Kyung Cho1
, Myung-Gyu Choi1,2
, Jae Myung Park1,2
Published online September 19, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230069 -
Utilization of an Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidity Assay for Assessing Gastric Mucosal Alteration during Helicobacter pylori Infection
Ayush Khangai1,2
, Junko Akada1
, Batsaikhan Saruuljavkhlan1
, Boldbaatar Gantuya3,4
, Dashdorj Azzaya3,4
, Khasag Oyuntsetseg3,4
, Duger Davaadorj3,4
, Tomohisa Uchida5
, Takashi Matsumoto1
, Yoshio Yamaoka1,6,7
Published online September 18, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220464 -
Factors Associated with Reaching Mid-Parental Height in Patients Diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescent Period
So Yoon Choi1
, Sujin Choi2,3
, Byung-Ho Choe2,3
, Jae Hong Park4
, Kwang-Hae Choi3,5
, Hae Jeong Lee6
, Ji Sook Park7
, Ji-Hyun Seo7
, Jae Young Kim8
, Hyo-Jeong Jang3,9
, Suk Jin Hong3,10
, Eun Young Kim3,11
, Yeoun Joo Lee4
, Ben Kang2,3
Published online August 28, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220421 -
Chemoembolization versus Radiotherapy for Single Hepatocellular Carcinomas of ≤3 cm Unsuitable for Image-Guided Tumor Ablation
Jihye Lim1,2
, Euichang Kim2
, Sehee Kim3
, So Yeon Kim4
, Jin Hyoung Kim4
, Sang Min Yoon5
, Ju Hyun Shim2
Published online August 22, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230080 -
Proposal of a Novel Serological Algorithm Combining FIB-4 and Serum M2BPGi for Advanced Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Sang Yi Moon1
, Yang Hyun Baek1
, Se Young Jang2
, Dae Won Jun3,4
, Ki Tae Yoon5,6
, Young Youn Cho7
, Hoon Gil Jo8
, Ae Jeong Jo9
Published online August 14, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230128 -
Clinical Outcome of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Papillary Type Early Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Hyun-Deok Shin1
, Ki Bae Bang1
, Sun Hyung Kang2
, Hee Seok Moon2
, Jae Kyu Sung2
, Hyun Yong Jeong2
, Dong Kyu Lee3
, Ki Bae Kim4
, Sun Moon Kim5
, Seung Woo Lee6
, Dong Soo Lee6
, Young Sin Cho7
, Il-Kwun Chung7
, Ju Seok Kim2
Published online August 14, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230132 -
Genetic and Metabolic Characteristics of Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Korean Health Examinee Cohort
Huiyul Park1
, Eileen L. Yoon2
, Goh Eun Chung3
, Eun Kyung Choe4
, Jung Ho Bae3
, Seung Ho Choi3
, Mimi Kim5
, Woochang Hwang6
, Hye-Lin Kim7
, Sun Young Yang3
, Dae Won Jun2,6
Published online August 10, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230044 -
Cost-Utility Analysis of Non-Contrast Abbreviated Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Cirrhosis
Pakanat Decharatanachart1
, Wirichada Pan-ngum2
, Thoetchai Peeraphatdit3
, Natthaporn Tanpowpong4
, Pisit Tangkijvanich5,6
, Sombat Treeprasertsuk7
, Rungsun Rerknimitr7,8
, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij7,8
Published online August 10, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230089 -
Research Progress of Central and Peripheral Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Comorbid Dysthymic Disorders
Yi Feng Liang1
, Xiao Qi Chen1
, Meng Ting Zhang2
, He Yong Tang2
, Guo Ming Shen2
Published online August 8, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220346 -
Activin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Promotes Colorectal Cancer Stemness and Metastasis through FOXM1/SOX2/CXCR4 Signaling
Hong Peng1
, Ting Ye2
, Lei Deng2
, Xiaofang Yang2
, Qingling Li3
, Jin Tong2
, Jinjun Guo1
Published online July 17, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220531 -
Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage Conversion versus Conservative Treatment Following Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage in High-Risk Surgical Patients
Hyung Ku Chon1,2
, Seong-Hun Kim3,4
, Tae Hyeon Kim1
Published online July 17, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230019 -
Perceptions of and Practices for the Management of Constipation: Results of a Korean National Survey
Young Sin Cho1
, Seon-Young Park2
, Jeong Eun Shin3
, Kyung Sik Park4
, Jung-Wook Kim5
, Tae Hee Lee6
, Seong-Eun Kim7
, Yoo Jin Lee4
, Han Seung Ryu8
, Constipation Research Group of the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Published online July 17, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230062 -
Sorafenib for 9,923 Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Analysis from National Health Insurance Claim Data in South Korea
Sojung Han1
, Do Young Kim2
, Ho Yeong Lim3
, Jung-Hwan Yoon4
, Baek-Yeol Ryoo5
, Yujeong Kim6
, Kookhee Kim6
, Bo Yeon Kim6
, So Young Yi6
, Dong-Sook Kim6
, Do-Yeon Cho6
, Jina Yu6
, Suhyun Kim6
, Joong-Won Park7
Published online June 19, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220406 -
The Impact of Sedation on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Adverse Events after Surveillance Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Sang Yoon Kim1
, Jun Kyu Lee2
, Kwang Hyuck Lee3
, Jae-Young Jang4
, Byung-Wook Kim5
, Endoscopic Sedation Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE)
Published online June 15, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl230043 -
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Shows T-Cell Exhaustion Landscape in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Jia Yao1,2
, Yaqiu Ji3
, Tian Liu1
, Jinjia Bai1
, Han Wang1
, Ruoyu Yao1
, Juan Wang1
, Xiaoshuang Zhou4
Published online June 15, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220449 -
Factors Influencing the Diagnostic Performance of Repeat Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration/Biopsy after the First Inconclusive Diagnosis of Pancreatic Solid Lesions
Jae Hee Cho1
, Jaihwan Kim2
, Hee Seung Lee3
, Su Jeong Ryu3
, Sung Ill Jang1
, Eui Joo Kim4
, Huapyong Kang4
, Sang Soo Lee5
, Tae Jun Song5
, Seungmin Bang3
Published online June 15, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220529 -
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of DW1903 in Patients with Gastritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Noninferiority, Multicenter, Phase 3 study
Jie-Hyun Kim1
, Hwoon-Yong Jung2
, In Kyung Yoo3
, Seon-Young Park4
, Jae Gyu Kim5
, Jae Kyu Sung6
, Jin Seok Jang7
, Gab Jin Cheon8
, Kyoung Oh Kim9
, Tae Oh Kim10
, Soo Teik Lee11
, Kwang Bum Cho12
, Hoon Jai Chun13
, Jong-Jae Park14
, Moo In Park15
, Jae-Young Jang16
, Seong Woo Jeon17
, Jin Woong Cho18
, Dae Hwan Kang19
, Gwang Ha Kim20
, Jae J. Kim21
, Sang Gyun Kim22
, Nayoung Kim23
, Yong Chan Lee24
, Su Jin Hong25
, Hyun-Soo Kim26
, Sora Lee27
, Sang Woo Lee28
Published online June 13, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220446 -
Probiotic Yeast from Miso Ameliorates Stress-Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Nao Sugihara
, Yoshikiyo Okada
, Akira Tomioka
, Suguru Ito
, Rina Tanemoto
, Shin Nishii
, Akinori Mizoguchi
, Kenichi Inaba
, Yoshinori Hanawa
, Kazuki Horiuchi
, Akinori Wada
, Yoshihiro Akita
, Masaaki Higashiyama
, Chie Kurihara
, Shunsuke Komoto
, Kengo Tomita
, Ryota Hokari
Published online June 9, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220100 -
Hepatic Steatosis but Not Fibrosis Is Independently Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Hye Kyung Hyun1
, Hye Won Lee2,3
, Jihye Park2
, Soo Jung Park2
, Jae Jun Park2
, Tae Il Kim2,4
, Jae Seung Lee2,3
, Beom Kyung Kim2,3
, Jun Yong Park2,3
, Do Young Kim2,3
, Sang Hoon Ahn2,3
, Seung Up Kim2,3
, Jae Hee Cheon2,4
Published online May 19, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220409 -
Endoscopic Ultrasound Can Differentiate High-Grade Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Small Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, and Benign Stenosis
Ryota Sagami1,2
, Kentaro Yamao2,3
, Ryuki Minami2,4
, Jun Nakahodo2,5
, Hidetoshi Akiyama6
, Hidefumi Nishikiori1
, Kazuhiro Mizukami7
, Kenji Yamao8
, Vikram Bhatia9
, Yuji Amano10
, Kazunari Murakami7
Published online May 11, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220521 -
Delayed Perforation Occurring after Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Clinical Features and Management Strategy
Tae-Se Kim
, Byung-Hoon Min
, Yang Won Min
, Hyuk Lee
, Poong-Lyul Rhee
, Jae J. Kim
, Jun Haeng Lee
Published online May 10, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220508 -
The Effect of Intervention for Improving Colonoscopy Quality Is Associated with the Personality Traits of Endoscopists
Hyun Ho Choi1
, Soo-Yoon Sung2
, Bo-In Lee3,4
, Hyun Cho5
, Yunho Jung6
, Jae Myung Park3,4
, Young-Seok Cho3
, Kang-Moon Lee7
, Sang Woo Kim1
, Hwang Choi8
, Hiun-Suk Chae1
, Myung-Gyu Choi3,4
Published online May 9, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220280 -
Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Korean Patients after Hepatitis C Cure with Direct-Acting Antivirals
Hyeyeon Hong
, Won-Mook Choi
, Danbi Lee
, Ju Hyun Shim
, Kang Mo Kim
, Young-Suk Lim
, Han Chu Lee
, Jonggi Choi
Published online April 20, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220386 -
Diagnosis and Treatment of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A National Survey from the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association
Eunae Cho1
, Seong-Hun Kim2
, Seong Ji Choi3
, Min Kyu Jung4
, Byeong Jun Song5
, Jin Myung Park6
, Jingu Kang7
, Won Suk Park8
, Joo Kyung Park9
, Sang Myung Woo10
, Hyo Jung Kim11
, Study Group for Biliary Diseases , Korean Pancreatobiliary Association
Published online April 20, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220413 -
Comparison of an Endoscopic Scoring System and the Simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity in Patients with Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease
Ji Eun Na1,2
, Hon Soul Kim3
, Sung Noh Hong1
, Kyoung Doo Song3
, Ji Eun Kim1
, Eun Ran Kim1
, Young-Ho Kim1
, Dong Kyung Chang1
Published online April 4, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220422 -
Clinical Significance of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma
Joo Seong Kim1,2
, Woo Hyun Paik1
, Sang Hyub Lee1
, Min Woo Lee1
, Namyoung Park1
, Jin Ho Choi1
, In Rae Cho1
, Ji Kon Ryu1
, Yong-Tae Kim1
Published online April 3, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220477 -
Surgical Options for Appropriate Length of J-Pouch Construction for Better Outcomes and Long-term Quality of Life in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis after Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis
Weimin Xu1
, Wenbo Tang1
, Wenjun Ding1
, Zhebin Hua1
, Yaosheng Wang1
, Xiaolong Ge2
, Long Cui1
, Xiaojian Wu3
, Wei Zhou2
, Zhao Ding4
, Peng Du1
, China UC Pouch Center Union
Published online March 29, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220471 -
Analysis of Characteristics and Risk Factors of Patients with Single Gastric Cancer and Synchronous Multiple Gastric Cancer among 14,603 Patients
Du Hyun Song1
, Nayoung Kim1,2
, Hyeong Ho Jo1,3
, Sangbin Kim1
, Yonghoon Choi1
, Hyeon Jeong Oh4
, Hye Seung Lee5
, Hyuk Yoon1
, Cheol Min Shin1
, Young Soo Park1
, Dong Ho Lee1,2
, So Hyun Kang6
, Young Suk Park6
, Sang-Hoon Ahn6
, Yun-Suhk Suh6
, Do Joong Park6,7
, Hyung Ho Kim6,7
, Ji-Won Kim1
, Jin Won Kim1
, Keun-Wook Lee1,2
, Won Chang8
, Ji Hoon Park8
, Yoon Jin Lee8
, Kyoung Ho Lee8,9
, Young Hoon Kim8,9
, Soyeon Ahn10
, Young-Joon Surh11,12
Published online March 29, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220491 -
GATA4 Forms a Positive Feedback Loop with CDX2 to Transactivate MUC2 in Bile Acids-Induced Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Xiaofang Yang1
, Ting Ye1
, Li Rong2
, Hong Peng2
, Jin Tong1
, Xiao Xiao1
, Xiaoqiang Wan1
, Jinjun Guo1,2
Published online March 2, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220394 -
Mucosal and Submucosal Thickening of Esophageal Wall Is a Promising Factor in the Development of Symptoms in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Yugo Suzuki1
, Yorinari Ochiai1
, Atsuko Hosoi2
, Takayuki Okamura1
, Junnosuke Hayasaka1
, Yutaka Mitsunaga1
, Masami Tanaka1
, Hiroyuki Odagiri1
, Kosuke Nomura1
, Satoshi Yamashita1
, Akira Matsui1
, Daisuke Kikuchi1
, Kenichi Ohashi3
, Shu Hoteya1
Published online February 15, 2023https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl220490 -
Are the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio Prognostic Factors for Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Chemoradiotherapy?
Jiong-Jie Yu1,2, Li-Yang Sun1,2, Bing Quan1,2, Tian Yang1
Published online October 10, 2018https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl18210
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