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Gut and Liver is an international journal of gastroenterology, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tree, pancreas, motility, and neurogastroenterology. Gut atnd Liver delivers up-to-date, authoritative papers on both clinical and research-based topics in gastroenterology. The Journal publishes original articles, case reports, brief communications, letters to the editor and invited review articles in the field of gastroenterology. The Journal is operated by internationally renowned editorial boards and designed to provide a global opportunity to promote academic developments in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology. +MORE
| Yong Chan Lee |
Professor of Medicine Director, Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Univ. California San Francisco San Francisco, USA |
| Jong Pil Im | Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea |
| Robert S. Bresalier | University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA |
| Steven H. Itzkowitz | Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY, USA |
All papers submitted to Gut and Liver are reviewed by the editorial team before being sent out for an external peer review to rule out papers that have low priority, insufficient originality, scientific flaws, or the absence of a message of importance to the readers of the Journal. A decision about these papers will usually be made within two or three weeks.
The remaining articles are usually sent to two reviewers. It would be very helpful if you could suggest a selection of reviewers and include their contact details. We may not always use the reviewers you recommend, but suggesting reviewers will make our reviewer database much richer; in the end, everyone will benefit. We reserve the right to return manuscripts in which no reviewers are suggested.
The final responsibility for the decision to accept or reject lies with the editors. In many cases, papers may be rejected despite favorable reviews because of editorial policy or a lack of space. The editor retains the right to determine publication priorities, the style of the paper, and to request, if necessary, that the material submitted be shortened for publication.
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Bo Young Lee, Jae Young Jang*, Soung Won Jeong, Gene Hyun Bok, Jeong Ho Ham, Joo Young Cho, Joon Seong Lee, and Chan Sup Shim
Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Correspondence to: Jae Young Jang. Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 22 Daesagwan-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-887, Korea. Tel: +82-2-709-9863, Fax: +82-2-709-9696, jyjang@hosp.sch.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gut Liver 2011;5(2):242-244. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2011.5.2.242
Published online June 27, 2011, Published date June 30, 2011
Copyright © Gut and Liver.
We report two cases of adrenal abscesses that occurred following a Histoacryl® (N-butyl-2-cyanocrylate) injection for variceal bleeding. Patients had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and gastric varices bleeding and received a Histoacryl® injection for the variceal bleeding. Patients had fever and abdominal tenderness and were diagnosed with an adrenal abscess at 2 months following the Histoacryl® injection. One patient received open drainage and the other underwent percutaneous drainage. When a patient has previously been injected with Histoacryl® for the treatment of variceal bleeding and presents with fever, an evaluation for an unusual complication such as adrenal abscess is recommended.
Keywords: Adrenal abscesses, Histoacryl, Variceal bleeding
Histoacryl® (
Adrenal abscess occurs mainly as a complication of a congenital anomaly in the neonate.1,2 But, in the adult, adrenal abscesses are associated with complications following urogenital and gynecological surgery,3 and they are rare in healthy individuals.4,5 We report two cases of adrenal abscesses that occurred after Histoacryl® injection for the treatment of variceal bleeding.
A 54-year-old male was referred for fever and chills. He had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and gastric varices and underwent Histoacryl® injection to treat variceal bleeding in December 2005. At admission (April 2006), his temperature was 38.5℃, and he had tenderness on the left costovertebral angle. The abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a peripheral enhanced cystic lesion, approximately 6.2×3.2 cm, in the left adrenal gland and radio-opaque density in the adrenal vein, which was thought to be glue formation induced by Histoacryl®. The cystic lesion was regarded as an adrenal abscess by CT. The patient underwent open drainage, because percutaneous drainage was failed at the time. The operative finding showed a well capsulated abscess pocket. Although the operation was well done, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome after operation and expired on the sixth day after the operation (Figs. 1 and 2).
A 71-year-old female was admitted for fever and chills. She visited our hospital for hematemesis in January 2006, and was diagnosed with hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis and gastric variceal bleeding. She underwent endoscopic Histoacryl® injection to treat the gastric variceal bleeding. At admission (July 2006), temperature was 39.2℃. She had lower abdominal pain and tenderness on the left costovertebral angle. Total bilirubin level was 2.6 g/dL, and an abdominal CT scan showed a 6.0×5.5 cm cystic lesion in the left adrenal gland, which was diagnosed as an adrenal abscess. Percutaneous drainage was performed, so that symptoms as well as radiologic findings improved after 2 weeks. She has been followed up regularly as an outpatient, and follow-up CT scans have shown no evidence of abscess recurrence (Figs. 3 and 4).
Gastric varices are seen in 18% to 78% of patients with portal hypertension. Although the incidence of bleeding from gastric varices is relatively low (10-36%), when it does occur it is massive and increases patient mortality. Treatment modalities of gastric varices are endoscopic treatment (sclerotherapy, band ligation, etc.), transjugular intrahepatic protosystemic shunt (TIPS) and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO). Among these, endoscopic obliteration with Histoacryl® is the main treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. The success rate greater than 80% for initial hemostasis has been achieved with
Abscesses in the adrenal gland are extremely rare in adults, and the majority are associated with postoperative complications following urogenital or obstetric surgery, or infection in the immuno-compromised host.4,5 Symptoms of adrenal abscess are fever, chills, and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of adrenal abscess is based mainly on imaging studies such as ultrasonography, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging,8,9 and treatment is based on surgical drainage or adrenalectomy.8,9 In these cases, the patient's symptoms were fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness, and the diagnosis was made by abdominal CT imaging. Treatment for the patients was undertaken by drainage, surgery, or percutaneous methods.
The routes for gastric variceal drainage are a gastro-renal shunt or a gastro-caval shunt. In our cases, the adrenal abscesses developed 4-6 months after the Histoacryl® injection. The reason why adrenal abscesses after Histoacryl® injection was so delayed is that insufficient drainage and stasis of adrenal vein blood by the Histoacryl® material made a significant contribute to it.
When the patient who had been injected previous Histoacryl® for the treatment of variceal bleeding has fever, the evaluations for an unusual complication such as adrenal abscess are recommended.
Fig. 1.Histoacryl injection. Endoscopic findings show venous engorgements in cardia and histoacryl matetial is seen in the X-ray.
Fig. 2.Abdominal computed tomography scan showing a radio-opaque density in the adrenal vein thought to be Histoacryl material (A, B) and a peripheral enhanced cystic lesion approximately 6.2×3.2 cm in size in the left adrenal gland (C, D).
Fig. 3.Histoacryl injection. Venous engorgements are noted in fundus.
Fig. 4.Abdominal computed tomography scan showing a 6.0×5.5 cm sized cystic lesion in the left adrenal gland and radio-opaque density in the adrenal vein thought to be Histoacryl material (A, B). Improvement of the cystic lesion is seen after percutaneous drainage (C, D).
Gut Liver 2011; 5(2): 242-244
Published online June 30, 2011 https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2011.5.2.242
Copyright © Gut and Liver.
Bo Young Lee, Jae Young Jang*, Soung Won Jeong, Gene Hyun Bok, Jeong Ho Ham, Joo Young Cho, Joon Seong Lee, and Chan Sup Shim
Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Correspondence to: Jae Young Jang. Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 22 Daesagwan-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-887, Korea. Tel: +82-2-709-9863, Fax: +82-2-709-9696, jyjang@hosp.sch.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We report two cases of adrenal abscesses that occurred following a Histoacryl® (N-butyl-2-cyanocrylate) injection for variceal bleeding. Patients had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and gastric varices bleeding and received a Histoacryl® injection for the variceal bleeding. Patients had fever and abdominal tenderness and were diagnosed with an adrenal abscess at 2 months following the Histoacryl® injection. One patient received open drainage and the other underwent percutaneous drainage. When a patient has previously been injected with Histoacryl® for the treatment of variceal bleeding and presents with fever, an evaluation for an unusual complication such as adrenal abscess is recommended.
Keywords: Adrenal abscesses, Histoacryl, Variceal bleeding
Histoacryl® (
Adrenal abscess occurs mainly as a complication of a congenital anomaly in the neonate.1,2 But, in the adult, adrenal abscesses are associated with complications following urogenital and gynecological surgery,3 and they are rare in healthy individuals.4,5 We report two cases of adrenal abscesses that occurred after Histoacryl® injection for the treatment of variceal bleeding.
A 54-year-old male was referred for fever and chills. He had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and gastric varices and underwent Histoacryl® injection to treat variceal bleeding in December 2005. At admission (April 2006), his temperature was 38.5℃, and he had tenderness on the left costovertebral angle. The abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a peripheral enhanced cystic lesion, approximately 6.2×3.2 cm, in the left adrenal gland and radio-opaque density in the adrenal vein, which was thought to be glue formation induced by Histoacryl®. The cystic lesion was regarded as an adrenal abscess by CT. The patient underwent open drainage, because percutaneous drainage was failed at the time. The operative finding showed a well capsulated abscess pocket. Although the operation was well done, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome after operation and expired on the sixth day after the operation (Figs. 1 and 2).
A 71-year-old female was admitted for fever and chills. She visited our hospital for hematemesis in January 2006, and was diagnosed with hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis and gastric variceal bleeding. She underwent endoscopic Histoacryl® injection to treat the gastric variceal bleeding. At admission (July 2006), temperature was 39.2℃. She had lower abdominal pain and tenderness on the left costovertebral angle. Total bilirubin level was 2.6 g/dL, and an abdominal CT scan showed a 6.0×5.5 cm cystic lesion in the left adrenal gland, which was diagnosed as an adrenal abscess. Percutaneous drainage was performed, so that symptoms as well as radiologic findings improved after 2 weeks. She has been followed up regularly as an outpatient, and follow-up CT scans have shown no evidence of abscess recurrence (Figs. 3 and 4).
Gastric varices are seen in 18% to 78% of patients with portal hypertension. Although the incidence of bleeding from gastric varices is relatively low (10-36%), when it does occur it is massive and increases patient mortality. Treatment modalities of gastric varices are endoscopic treatment (sclerotherapy, band ligation, etc.), transjugular intrahepatic protosystemic shunt (TIPS) and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO). Among these, endoscopic obliteration with Histoacryl® is the main treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. The success rate greater than 80% for initial hemostasis has been achieved with
Abscesses in the adrenal gland are extremely rare in adults, and the majority are associated with postoperative complications following urogenital or obstetric surgery, or infection in the immuno-compromised host.4,5 Symptoms of adrenal abscess are fever, chills, and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of adrenal abscess is based mainly on imaging studies such as ultrasonography, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging,8,9 and treatment is based on surgical drainage or adrenalectomy.8,9 In these cases, the patient's symptoms were fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness, and the diagnosis was made by abdominal CT imaging. Treatment for the patients was undertaken by drainage, surgery, or percutaneous methods.
The routes for gastric variceal drainage are a gastro-renal shunt or a gastro-caval shunt. In our cases, the adrenal abscesses developed 4-6 months after the Histoacryl® injection. The reason why adrenal abscesses after Histoacryl® injection was so delayed is that insufficient drainage and stasis of adrenal vein blood by the Histoacryl® material made a significant contribute to it.
When the patient who had been injected previous Histoacryl® for the treatment of variceal bleeding has fever, the evaluations for an unusual complication such as adrenal abscess are recommended.
pISSN 1976-2283
eISSN 2005-1212
Gut and Liver is an international journal of gastroenterology, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tree, pancreas, motility, and neurogastroenterology. Gut atnd Liver delivers up-to-date, authoritative papers on both clinical and research-based topics in gastroenterology. The Journal publishes original articles, case reports, brief communications, letters to the editor and invited review articles in the field of gastroenterology. The Journal is operated by internationally renowned editorial boards and designed to provide a global opportunity to promote academic developments in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology. +MORE
| Yong Chan Lee |
Professor of Medicine Director, Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Univ. California San Francisco San Francisco, USA |
| Jong Pil Im | Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea |
| Robert S. Bresalier | University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA |
| Steven H. Itzkowitz | Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY, USA |
All papers submitted to Gut and Liver are reviewed by the editorial team before being sent out for an external peer review to rule out papers that have low priority, insufficient originality, scientific flaws, or the absence of a message of importance to the readers of the Journal. A decision about these papers will usually be made within two or three weeks.
The remaining articles are usually sent to two reviewers. It would be very helpful if you could suggest a selection of reviewers and include their contact details. We may not always use the reviewers you recommend, but suggesting reviewers will make our reviewer database much richer; in the end, everyone will benefit. We reserve the right to return manuscripts in which no reviewers are suggested.
The final responsibility for the decision to accept or reject lies with the editors. In many cases, papers may be rejected despite favorable reviews because of editorial policy or a lack of space. The editor retains the right to determine publication priorities, the style of the paper, and to request, if necessary, that the material submitted be shortened for publication.
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