Gut and Liver is an international journal of gastroenterology, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tree, pancreas, motility, and neurogastroenterology. Gut atnd Liver delivers up-to-date, authoritative papers on both clinical and research-based topics in gastroenterology. The Journal publishes original articles, case reports, brief communications, letters to the editor and invited review articles in the field of gastroenterology. The Journal is operated by internationally renowned editorial boards and designed to provide a global opportunity to promote academic developments in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology. +MORE
Yong Chan Lee |
Professor of Medicine Director, Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Univ. California San Francisco San Francisco, USA |
Jong Pil Im | Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea |
Robert S. Bresalier | University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA |
Steven H. Itzkowitz | Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY, USA |
All papers submitted to Gut and Liver are reviewed by the editorial team before being sent out for an external peer review to rule out papers that have low priority, insufficient originality, scientific flaws, or the absence of a message of importance to the readers of the Journal. A decision about these papers will usually be made within two or three weeks.
The remaining articles are usually sent to two reviewers. It would be very helpful if you could suggest a selection of reviewers and include their contact details. We may not always use the reviewers you recommend, but suggesting reviewers will make our reviewer database much richer; in the end, everyone will benefit. We reserve the right to return manuscripts in which no reviewers are suggested.
The final responsibility for the decision to accept or reject lies with the editors. In many cases, papers may be rejected despite favorable reviews because of editorial policy or a lack of space. The editor retains the right to determine publication priorities, the style of the paper, and to request, if necessary, that the material submitted be shortened for publication.
Miyoko Yamaoka, and Shigemi Nakajima*
Department of Healthcare, Social Insurance Shiga Hospital, Otsu, Japan.
Correspondence to: Shigemi Nakajima. Department of Healthcare, Social Insurance Shiga Hospital, 16-1 Fujimidai, Otsu, Shiga 520-0846, Japan. Tel: +81-77-537-3101, Fax: +81-77-534-0566, shigemin@rainbow.plala.or.jp
Gut Liver 2009;3(2):95-100. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2009.3.2.95
Published online June 30, 2009, Published date June 30, 2009
Copyright © Gut and Liver.
The presence of
The subjects included 311 volunteers. We used Meridian HpSA ELISA for the HpSA test and Pepsinogen RIA Beads for the PG test. PG I at ≤70 ?g/L and I/II ratio of ≤3.0 were used as cutoffs for PG-test positivity.
Positivity rates in HpSA and PG tests significantly increased with age in those younger than 60 years and in all age groups, respectively. The proportions of HpSA-/PG- and HpSA+/PG+ sujects decreased and increased with age, respectively. A small proportion of HpSA-/PG+ subjects were older than 40 years. The prevalence of subjects who were either HpSA+ or PG+ increased with age (>50% of those older than 40 years). Half of the subjects older than 60 years were PG+.
In Japan, more than 50% of general population aged ≥40 years is at a high risk of gastric cancer, and half of the population aged ≥60 years is at a very high risk.
Keywords:
It is established that
It is also established that gastric atrophy is a high risk state or a precursor lesion of gastric cancer.4,5 Serum pepsinogen (PG) test is a useful tool to screen gastric atrophy with or without endoscopic examination.6
Therefore, high-risk subjects for gastric cancer are recognized as those who have present
To make a good strategy to screen high-risk subjects for gastric cancer in a population which has a high prevalence of gastric cancer such as Japanese or Korean, we examined sex and age distributions of HpSA and PG tests in a Japanese population.
The subjects were 333 volunteers who visited Healthcare Center of Social Insurance Shiga Hospital to undergo both HpSA and PG tests at annual health check in 2004. Twenty-two volunteers, who had undergone
We used Meridian HpSA ELISA (TFB Inc., Tokyo, Japan/Meridian Bioscience Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) to measure HpSA. Absorption was measured at 450/630 nm, and the results were evaluated as the followings. When ELISA value was 0.120 or above, the case was evaluated as HpSA-positive (HpSA+). When ELISA value was below 0.100, the case was evaluated as HpSA-negative (HpSA-). In case with intermediate result, the case was considered as indeterminate, and excluded from the study.
For serum PG I and II, we used Pepsinogen RIA Beads I and II (Abbott Japan Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The result of PG test was interpreted by the value of PG I and the ratio of PG I/II. The criteria for positive PG test were defined as the followings: both PG I was 70 µg/L or below, and PG I/II ratio was 3.0 or below.
Statistical analysis was performed using ystat2004.xls for Windows/Macintosh (Igaku Tosho Shuppan Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). The Chi square test or Yates corrected Chi square test were used to compare the difference between sexes or age groups. Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate correlations between age groups and positive rates of HpSA or PG tests. Significance was evaluated with p value below 0.05 in two-tailed examination.
The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Social Insurance Shiga Hospital.
After exclusion of the subjects, 311 volunteers were included in the study. The study population is shown in Fig. 1. The age distribution of the study subjects was significantly different between sexes. Therefore the results were analyzed in each sex.
The results of HpSA test are shown in Fig. 2. There was significant difference in HpSA positivity between sexes in only 50s, but no difference in the other age groups. Positive rate of HpSA test increased with age in both sexes under 60s, but decreased in the older age in male whereas increased in female. Combined with both sexes, the positive rate of HpSA test significantly increased with age under 60s.
The results of PG test are shown in Fig. 3. The positive rate of PG test significantly increased with age in all age groups in both sexes. There was no significant difference in PG positivity between sexes. Combined with both sexes, the positive rate of PG test significantly increased with age in all age groups.
The results of combination with HpSA and PG tests are shown in Fig. 4. There was no significant difference in the proportion of the two test results between sexes in each age group. Combined with both sexes, the proportion of HpSA-/PG- subjects decreased with age. On the other hand, the proportion of HpSA+/PG+ subjects increased with age, whereas that of HpSA+/PG- subjects increased until 40s, but then decreased in 50s and older. A small proportion of HpSA-/PG+ subjects were detected in 40s and older. The prevalence of either HpSA+ or PG+ subjects increased with age. More than 50% subjects aged 40 or older are either HpSA+ or PG+, and nearly 50% subjects in 60-70s were PG+ (Fig. 4).
The present study showed that the positive rate of HpSA test increased with age in both male and female, except for 60-70s in male. This age-dependent increase of HpSA positive rate was similar to the tendency of the positive rate of serum anti-
Our study also showed that the positive rate of PG test increased with age in both male and female. There was no significant difference between sexes. The rate of positive PG test in male did increase in 60-70s, indicating that increasing PG positive tendency continued over 50s in spite that the rate of present
In combination with both HpSA and PG tests, there was no significant difference between sexes in the proportion of the results of the two tests in each age group. Thus, combined with both sexes, the proportion of HpSA-/PG- subjects decreased with age. This compartment of the subjects reflects
If we classified either HpSA+ or PG+ subjects as high-risk subjects for gastric cancer, the prevalence of high-risk subjects increased with age, and more than 50% subjects aged 40s or older are at high risk in Japan. If we classified PG+ subjects as very high-risk subjects for gastric cancer, nearly 50% subjects in 60-70s are at very high-risk in Japan. The combination of HpSA and PG test is one of the choices for screening and classifying high risk subjects for gastric cancer.
However, in countries where the prevalence of
Recently, four methods for gastric cancer screening, barium X-ray examination, endoscopy, serum pepsinogen testing and
Gut Liver 2009; 3(2): 95-100
Published online June 30, 2009 https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2009.3.2.95
Copyright © Gut and Liver.
Miyoko Yamaoka, and Shigemi Nakajima*
Department of Healthcare, Social Insurance Shiga Hospital, Otsu, Japan.
Correspondence to: Shigemi Nakajima. Department of Healthcare, Social Insurance Shiga Hospital, 16-1 Fujimidai, Otsu, Shiga 520-0846, Japan. Tel: +81-77-537-3101, Fax: +81-77-534-0566, shigemin@rainbow.plala.or.jp
The presence of
The subjects included 311 volunteers. We used Meridian HpSA ELISA for the HpSA test and Pepsinogen RIA Beads for the PG test. PG I at ≤70 ?g/L and I/II ratio of ≤3.0 were used as cutoffs for PG-test positivity.
Positivity rates in HpSA and PG tests significantly increased with age in those younger than 60 years and in all age groups, respectively. The proportions of HpSA-/PG- and HpSA+/PG+ sujects decreased and increased with age, respectively. A small proportion of HpSA-/PG+ subjects were older than 40 years. The prevalence of subjects who were either HpSA+ or PG+ increased with age (>50% of those older than 40 years). Half of the subjects older than 60 years were PG+.
In Japan, more than 50% of general population aged ≥40 years is at a high risk of gastric cancer, and half of the population aged ≥60 years is at a very high risk.
Keywords:
It is established that
It is also established that gastric atrophy is a high risk state or a precursor lesion of gastric cancer.4,5 Serum pepsinogen (PG) test is a useful tool to screen gastric atrophy with or without endoscopic examination.6
Therefore, high-risk subjects for gastric cancer are recognized as those who have present
To make a good strategy to screen high-risk subjects for gastric cancer in a population which has a high prevalence of gastric cancer such as Japanese or Korean, we examined sex and age distributions of HpSA and PG tests in a Japanese population.
The subjects were 333 volunteers who visited Healthcare Center of Social Insurance Shiga Hospital to undergo both HpSA and PG tests at annual health check in 2004. Twenty-two volunteers, who had undergone
We used Meridian HpSA ELISA (TFB Inc., Tokyo, Japan/Meridian Bioscience Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) to measure HpSA. Absorption was measured at 450/630 nm, and the results were evaluated as the followings. When ELISA value was 0.120 or above, the case was evaluated as HpSA-positive (HpSA+). When ELISA value was below 0.100, the case was evaluated as HpSA-negative (HpSA-). In case with intermediate result, the case was considered as indeterminate, and excluded from the study.
For serum PG I and II, we used Pepsinogen RIA Beads I and II (Abbott Japan Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The result of PG test was interpreted by the value of PG I and the ratio of PG I/II. The criteria for positive PG test were defined as the followings: both PG I was 70 µg/L or below, and PG I/II ratio was 3.0 or below.
Statistical analysis was performed using ystat2004.xls for Windows/Macintosh (Igaku Tosho Shuppan Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). The Chi square test or Yates corrected Chi square test were used to compare the difference between sexes or age groups. Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate correlations between age groups and positive rates of HpSA or PG tests. Significance was evaluated with p value below 0.05 in two-tailed examination.
The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Social Insurance Shiga Hospital.
After exclusion of the subjects, 311 volunteers were included in the study. The study population is shown in Fig. 1. The age distribution of the study subjects was significantly different between sexes. Therefore the results were analyzed in each sex.
The results of HpSA test are shown in Fig. 2. There was significant difference in HpSA positivity between sexes in only 50s, but no difference in the other age groups. Positive rate of HpSA test increased with age in both sexes under 60s, but decreased in the older age in male whereas increased in female. Combined with both sexes, the positive rate of HpSA test significantly increased with age under 60s.
The results of PG test are shown in Fig. 3. The positive rate of PG test significantly increased with age in all age groups in both sexes. There was no significant difference in PG positivity between sexes. Combined with both sexes, the positive rate of PG test significantly increased with age in all age groups.
The results of combination with HpSA and PG tests are shown in Fig. 4. There was no significant difference in the proportion of the two test results between sexes in each age group. Combined with both sexes, the proportion of HpSA-/PG- subjects decreased with age. On the other hand, the proportion of HpSA+/PG+ subjects increased with age, whereas that of HpSA+/PG- subjects increased until 40s, but then decreased in 50s and older. A small proportion of HpSA-/PG+ subjects were detected in 40s and older. The prevalence of either HpSA+ or PG+ subjects increased with age. More than 50% subjects aged 40 or older are either HpSA+ or PG+, and nearly 50% subjects in 60-70s were PG+ (Fig. 4).
The present study showed that the positive rate of HpSA test increased with age in both male and female, except for 60-70s in male. This age-dependent increase of HpSA positive rate was similar to the tendency of the positive rate of serum anti-
Our study also showed that the positive rate of PG test increased with age in both male and female. There was no significant difference between sexes. The rate of positive PG test in male did increase in 60-70s, indicating that increasing PG positive tendency continued over 50s in spite that the rate of present
In combination with both HpSA and PG tests, there was no significant difference between sexes in the proportion of the results of the two tests in each age group. Thus, combined with both sexes, the proportion of HpSA-/PG- subjects decreased with age. This compartment of the subjects reflects
If we classified either HpSA+ or PG+ subjects as high-risk subjects for gastric cancer, the prevalence of high-risk subjects increased with age, and more than 50% subjects aged 40s or older are at high risk in Japan. If we classified PG+ subjects as very high-risk subjects for gastric cancer, nearly 50% subjects in 60-70s are at very high-risk in Japan. The combination of HpSA and PG test is one of the choices for screening and classifying high risk subjects for gastric cancer.
However, in countries where the prevalence of
Recently, four methods for gastric cancer screening, barium X-ray examination, endoscopy, serum pepsinogen testing and