GNL Gut and Liver
  1. Andrzej Prystupa, Paweł Kiciński, Dorota Luchowska-Kocot, Anna Błażewicz, Jarosław Niedziałek, Grzegorz Mizerski, Mariusz Jojczuk, Andrzej Ochal, Jarosław Sak, Wojciech Załuska. Association between Serum Selenium Concentrations and Levels of Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Cytokines—Interleukin-6 and Growth Differentiation Factor-15, in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. IJERPH 2017;14:437
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  2. Lisa G. Riley, Michael Nafisinia, Minal J. Menezes, Reta Nambiar, Andrew Williams, Elizabeth H. Barnes, Arthavan Selvanathan, Kate Lichkus, Drago Bratkovic, Joy Yaplito-Lee, Kaustuv Bhattacharya, Carolyn Ellaway, Maina Kava, Shanti Balasubramaniam, John Christodoulou. FGF21 outperforms GDF15 as a diagnostic biomarker of mitochondrial disease in children. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 2022;135:63
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  3. Carlo Smirne, Eleonora Croce, Davide Di Benedetto, Vincenzo Cantaluppi, Cristoforo Comi, Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Rosalba Minisini, Elena Grossini, Mario Pirisi. Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Livers 2022;2:30
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  4. Nikolaj Rittig, Niels K. Aagaard, Elias Sundelin, Gerda E. Villadsen, Thomas D. Sandahl, Jens J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Kim Brøsen, Henning Grønbæk, Niels Jessen. Metformin Stimulates Intestinal Glycolysis and Lactate Release: A single‐Dose Study of Metformin in Patients With Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent. Clin Pharma and Therapeutics 2021;110:1329
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  5. Nghiem B. Ha, Srilakshmi Seetharaman, Dorothea S. Kent, Frederick Yao, Amy M. Shui, Chiung-Yu Huang, Jeremy Walston, Jennifer C. Lai. Serum and plasma protein biomarkers associated with frailty in patients with cirrhosis. 2023;29:1089
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  6. Ding Li, Hua Zhang, Yuan Zhong. Hepatic GDF15 is regulated by CHOP of the unfolded protein response and alleviates NAFLD progression in obese mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2018;498:388
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  7. Min Li, Kui Song, Xiaowen Huang, Simao Fu, Qiyi Zeng. GDF‑15 prevents LPS and D‑galactosamine‑induced inflammation and acute liver injury in mice. Int J Mol Med 2018
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  8. Zhanyi Li, Yu Liu, Xiangyong Li, Yuankai Wu, Fangji Yang, Qiwan Mo, Yutian Chong, Fernando G. Romeiro. Association between Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Cirrhotic Primary Biliary Cholangitis. BioMed Research International 2020;2020
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  9. Austin Larson, Ronald J. Sokol. Liver Disease in Children. 2020.
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  11. Kyeongjin Kim, Kook Hwan Kim. Targeting of Secretory Proteins as a Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). IJMS 2020;21:2296
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  12. Fenfen Wang, Phu M. Huynh, Yu A. An. Comprehensive Physiology. 2020.
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  13. Jay Luther, Augustin G.L. Vannier, Esperance A. Schaefer, Russell P. Goodman. The circulating proteomic signature of alcohol-associated liver disease. 2022;7
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  14. Se Hee Min, Gil Myoung Kang, Jae Woo Park, Min-Seon Kim. Beneficial Effects of Low-Grade Mitochondrial Stress on Metabolic Diseases and Aging. Yonsei Med J 2024;65:55
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  15. Zainab M.A. Anis, Amira Y. Ahmed, Hanan H. Soliman, Hala M. Nagy. Serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels as a marker for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma on top of liver cirrhosis. 2022;50:251
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  16. Meiyuan Zhang, Weilan Sun, Jin Qian, Yan Tang. Fasting exacerbates hepatic growth differentiation factor 15 to promote fatty acid β-oxidation and ketogenesis via activating XBP1 signaling in liver. Redox Biology 2018;16:87
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  17. Bingxian Xie, Anjana Murali, Amber M. Vandevender, Jeffrey Chen, Agustin Gil Silva, Fiona M. Bello, Byron Chuan, Harinath Bahudhanapati, Ian Sipula, Nikolaos Dedousis, Faraaz A. Shah, Christopher P. O’Donnell, Jonathan K. Alder, Michael J. Jurczak. Hepatocyte-derived GDF15 suppresses feeding and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. iScience 2022;25:105569
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  18. Juliette Tavenier, Ove Andersen, Jan O. Nehlin, Janne Petersen. Longitudinal course of GDF15 levels before acute hospitalization and death in the general population. GeroScience 2021;43:1835
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  19. Songdao Ye, Yao Chen, Xiaoting Lou, Xuanmei Ye, Xunjun Yang. Association of macrophage inhibitory factor -1 polymorphisms with antiviral efficacy of type 1b chronic hepatitis C. Mol Cell Biochem 2021;476:2439
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  20. Mattia Bellan, Luigi Mario Castello, Mario Pirisi. Candidate Biomarkers of Liver Fibrosis: A Concise, Pathophysiology-oriented Review. 2018;6:1
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  21. Ying Wang, Chaojie Chen, Jiajun Chen, Tingting Sang, He Peng, Xiaojian Lin, Qian Zhao, Shengjia Chen, Thomas Eling, Xingya Wang. Overexpression of NAG-1/GDF15 prevents hepatic steatosis through inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated dsDNA release and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Redox Biology 2022;52:102322
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  22. Kenichi Shimada, Timothy J Mitchison. Unsupervised identification of disease states from high‐dimensional physiological and histopathological profiles. Molecular Systems Biology 2019;15
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  23. Matthew J Jennings, Alexia Kagiava, Leen Vendredy, Emily L Spaulding, Marina Stavrou, Denisa Hathazi, Anika Grüneboom, Vicky De Winter, Burkhard Gess, Ulrike Schara, Oksana Pogoryelova, Hanns Lochmüller, Christoph H Borchers, Andreas Roos, Robert W Burgess, Vincent Timmerman, Kleopas A Kleopa, Rita Horvath. NCAM1 and GDF15 are biomarkers of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in patients and mice. 2022;145:3999
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  24. Vicky W.W. Tsai, Yasmin Husaini, Amanda Sainsbury, David A. Brown, Samuel N. Breit. The MIC-1/GDF15-GFRAL Pathway in Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Obesity, Cachexia, and Other Associated Diseases. Cell Metabolism 2018;28:353
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  25. Taciana Pereira Sant'Ana Santos, Mariana de Menezes Pereira, Maria Isabel Schinoni, Geraldo Pedral Sampaio, Roque Aras, Maria Luiza Sousa Atta, Ajax M. Atta. Atherogenic cytokines and chemokines in chronic hepatitis C are not associated with the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Cytokine 2019;115:24
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  26. Susan Kralisch, Annett Hoffmann, Juliane Estrada-Kunz, Michael Stumvoll, Mathias Fasshauer, Anke Tönjes, Konstanze Miehle. Increased Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Patients with Hypoleptinemia-Associated Lipodystrophy. IJMS 2020;21:7214
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  27. Eunha Chang, Jae Seung Chang, In Deok Kong, Soon Koo Baik, Moon Young Kim, Kyu-Sang Park. Multidimensional Biomarker Analysis Including Mitochondrial Stress Indicators for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut and Liver 2022;16:171
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  28. Mohammed Benkheil, Jan Paeshuyse, Johan Neyts, Matthias Van Haele, Tania Roskams, Sandra Liekens. HCV-induced EGFR-ERK signaling promotes a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signature contributing to liver cancer pathogenesis. Biochemical Pharmacology 2018;155:305
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  29. Polina G. Tsygankova, Yulia S. Itkis, Tatiana D. Krylova, Marina V. Kurkina, Igor O. Bychkov, Aleksandra A. Ilyushkina, Viktoria V. Zabnenkova, Svetlana V. Mikhaylova, Natalia L. Pechatnikova, Natalia L. Sheremet, Ekaterina Y. Zakharova. Plasma FGF‐21 and GDF‐15 are elevated in different inherited metabolic diseases and are not diagnostic for mitochondrial disorders. J of Inher Metab Disea 2019;42:918
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  30. Shao-ru Chen, Zheng-qing Li, Jun Xu, Mo-yu Ding, Ya-ming Shan, Yung-chi Cheng, Gao-xiao Zhang, Ye-wei Sun, Yu-qiang Wang, Ying Wang. Celastrol attenuates hepatitis C virus translation and inflammatory response in mice by suppressing heat shock protein 90β. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023;44:1637
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  31. Heba M. Adel Abou Zaghla, Aziza Ahmed El Sebai, Ossama Ashraf Ahmed, Ayat Fawzy Ahmed, Azza Abdel Rahman Saab. Growth differentiation factor 15: an emerging diagnostic biomarker of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Egypt Liver Journal 2021;11
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s43066-021-00075-x
  32. Darakhshan Sohail Ahmed, Stéphane Isnard, Carolina Berini, John Lin, Jean-Pierre Routy, Léna Royston. Coping With Stress: The Mitokine GDF-15 as a Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity. Front. Immunol. 2022;13
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  33. Friederike Löffler, Justus Christian Garlichs, Sabrina Uehlein, Lena Löffler, Holger Leitolf, Christoph Terkamp, Johann Bauersachs, Mechthild Westhoff-Bleck. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult Fontan patients. International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease 2024;17:100521
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  34. Ahmad O. Babalghith, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Michel De Waard, Jean-Marc Sabatier, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not?. Diagnostics 2022;12:2051
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  35. Yu Li, Jie Zhang, Shurong Chen, Yini Ke, Youming Li, Yi Chen. Growth differentiation factor 15: Emerging role in liver diseases. Cytokine 2024;182:156727
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  36. Ciliang Jin, Penglei Jiang, Zhaoru Zhang, Yingli Han, Xue Wen, Lin Zheng, Wei Kuang, Jiangshan Lian, Guodong Yu, Xinyue Qian, Yue Ren, Miaomiao Lu, Lingling Xu, Weixin Chen, Jiyang Chen, Yuwei Zhou, Jinxia Xin, Ben Wang, Xi Jin, Pengxu Qian, Yida Yang. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the pro-inflammatory roles of liver-resident Th1-like cells in primary biliary cholangitis. Nat Commun 2024;15
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  37. Kook Hwan Kim, Seong Hun Kim, Dai Hoon Han, Young Suk Jo, Yong-ho Lee, Myung-Shik Lee. Growth differentiation factor 15 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and related metabolic disorders in mice. Sci Rep 2018;8
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25098-0
  38. Josh Bilson, Eleonora Scorletti, Laure B. Bindels, Paul R. Afolabi, Giovanni Targher, Philip C. Calder, Jaswinder K. Sethi, Christopher D. Byrne. Growth differentiation factor-15 and the association between type 2 diabetes and liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Nutr. Diabetes 2021;11
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-021-00170-3
  39. Noriyuki Miyaue, Hayato Yabe, Masahiro Nagai. Serum GDF-15 Levels in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Multiple System Atrophy. Neurology International 2023;15:1044
    https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15030066
  40. Zhizhou Kuang, Ruochun Huang, Zhimin Yang, Zhiqiang Lv, Xinyan Chen, Fuping Xu, Yu-Hua Yi, Jian Wu, Ruo-Pan Huang. Quantitative screening of serum protein biomarkers by reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018;9:32624
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  41. Flora Alexopoulou, Nina Buch-Månson, Søren Ljungberg Pedersen, Niels Vrang, Lisbeth Nielsen Fink, Kristian Strømgaard. Identification of GDF15 peptide fragments inhibiting GFRAL receptor signaling. Peptides 2023;168:171063
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  42. Yingze Zhang, Mao Jiang, Mehdi Nouraie, Mark G. Roth, Tracy Tabib, Spencer Winters, Xiaoping Chen, John Sembrat, Yanxia Chu, Nayra Cardenes, Rubin M. Tuder, Erica L. Herzog, Changwan Ryu, Mauricio Rojas, Robert Lafyatis, Kevin F. Gibson, John F. McDyer, Daniel J. Kass, Jonathan K. Alder. GDF15 is an epithelial-derived biomarker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2019;317:L510
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  43. Samuel N. Breit, David A. Brown, Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai. The GDF15-GFRAL Pathway in Health and Metabolic Disease: Friend or Foe?. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2021;83:127
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  44. Kook Hwan Kim, Myung-Shik Lee. GDF15 as a central mediator for integrated stress response and a promising therapeutic molecule for metabolic disorders and NASH. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 2021;1865:129834
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  45. Luca Monzo, Petr Jarolim, Barry A. Borlaug, Jan Benes, Ivana Jurcova, Dominik Jenca, Katerina Kroupova, Peter Wohlfahrt, Martin Kotrc, Vojtech Melenovsky. Growth Differentiation Factor–15 Is Associated With Congestion-Related Anorexia and Weight Loss in Advanced Heart Failure. JACC: Heart Failure 2025;13:315
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  46. Stéphanie Desmedt, Valérie Desmedt, Leen De Vos, Joris R. Delanghe, Reinhart Speeckaert, Marijn M. Speeckaert. Growth differentiation factor 15: A novel biomarker with high clinical potential. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 2019;56:333
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  47. Xun-Jun Yang, Xiao-Ou Wang, Yao Chen, Song-Dao Ye. Associations of content and gene polymorphism of macrophage inhibitory factor-1 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. WJG 2020;26:6378
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  48. Mohab H. Halim, Nour A. Abdulla, Abdelkarim Kamel, Nabila Abd El Maksoud, Halla M. Ragab. Significance of growth differentiation factor 15 in chronic HCV patients. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2017;15:403
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